Thanks but could you translate that for a novice?
Nobody knows why but the "size" of a mountain bike is based on the seat tube length, which has nothing to do with anything. I remember back when I was a kid, the folks at the Schwinn shop were focused almost exclusively on standover height, and I kinda get that for a diamond frame road bike. But mountain bikes aren't shaped like that. Probably one of those "but that's how we've always done it" things
A lot of people, myself included are much more focused on reach, so in other words how far it is from the seat tube to the grips basically. In terms of frame measurements, if you know the "effective top tube length," or in other words, what the top tube length would be if it were parallel to the ground, you can more or less predict how the bike will fit.
Find a bike you enjoy riding, and measure from the middle of the seatpost to a middle of the headtube parallel to the ground, that's the ETT you're shooting for. You have some wiggle room -- there are several adjustments you can make to fine tune it, with stem length being the most common -- but it's good to be close.
What is gonna work for you just depends on how you're built, and how you like your bike set up. If you like a bike, and feel confident on it, that's a good sign that it fits. So find one you like, whether it's yours or your buddy's or one you test-drove at the shop. Measure ETT and start digging through old catalogs, the best collection of which is right here on this forum.