Peter, specifically on your original question, if you are buying a modern frame, I'd start from your ideal riding position as far as the dimensions of the saddle/bar/bottom bracket triangle goes, and try to replicate it with the new frame.
It may require you to think about stem length, seat post protrusion etc and maybe getting a tall head tube type, as I've described.
On the plus side, all new frames have very clear geometry data at online retailers, so it's easy to work out even if you can't get to see the actual bike.
The danger with saying you'll just convert 21" to, say, 54cm, is that you may end up with bike where the handlebars are too low with no way of heightening them, as I've described, unless you buy an expensive new fork. So geometry, particularly head tube length, becomes more important than it used to be on a conventional horizontal top tube design.