I hate to state the bl**din' obvious but it's quite clear from your photo's that the frame was designed for a compact chainset...
...if you fit a long enough spindle for the big ring to clear the stay the granny ring is going to be a mile out and your chain line from the big ring will be in the next street!
Fit a compact chainset and your problems will immediately disappear.
I speak from bitter experience as I fitted an Ultegra triple with a 52T big ring to my '97 Kilauea (I was living in Cambridge at the time and enjoyed being able to keep up with the Uni Roadies), and even with the longest Octalink I could find I still had the same problem. I ended up dressing the stay back with the rubber-handled end of my claw-hammer and it was fine after that! :shock: