It's a KhVZ (Kharkov Bicycle Plant) - head badge looks like XB3 to the eyes of english speakers. No idea what the real model designation was but it and similar bikes were known as "Старт-Шоссе" (pronounced "Start-Shosse") meaning that they were a sort of introductory racing bike - a sort of Soviet Raleigh Arena. If a rider was really talented, had good connections with the local Soviet officials (and enough money for bribes too) they might be lucky enough to be allowed a special order "Чемпион-Шоссе" (pronounced "Champion-Shosse") which might, if they were lucky and nothing got nicked between the factory and delivery have light(er) weight tubing and all alloy components. Knock-off copies of Mafac racer centre pulls were common in the USSR, being made by a number of different factories - KhVZ made their own marked either 'Kharkov' (as these are) or just 'XB3'.
Edit: Suspect that the model name is 'Record'. KhVZ supplied bikes to the Soviet team for the 1980 Moscow Olympics (not from the Record range of course, those were designated "Moskva 80").